Both psychologists and psychiatrists work in the field of mental health. Occasionally they work together. But despite the fact they both conduct psychotherapy and research, there are significant differences between the two professions, particularly in terms of their education and professional qualifications.

Psychologists

Psychologists study psychology as an undergraduate for four years. They then must complete either a further two years supervised experience with a registered psychologist, or complete post-graduate study, undertaking either a clinical masters or doctoral degree in clinical psychology. These clinical psychologists (those with post-graduate qualifications) are also required to undertake training under the supervision of another clinical psychologist.

Psychologists are experts in human behaviour and can help you with everyday problems, such as stress and emotional difficulties, relationship issues, grief and mental health issues. They can also help those people who simply want to enhance their psychological wellbeing. They can help patients develop strategies and skills to help deal with ongoing difficulties in their lives. They can also identify underlying issues that may be causing the conditions, and can work with clients to resolve these, using strategies such as Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, or CBT.

They cannot prescribe medication, and so may enlist the assistance of a GP to prescribe medication.

While informal titles such as "counsellor" or "therapist" are often used to describe psychologists, many other mental health care professionals such as social workers are also able to use these titles. Only an individual trained in the above manner can call themselves a "psychologist", and must be registered in their state and territory. Look for a therapist who is a member of the Australian Psychological Society (APS), which is the national body for psychologists and ensures a high level of professional standards.

You generally do not need a doctor’s referral to see a psychologist. However if you wish to claim for a Medicare rebate you will need to be referred by a GP. You can still see a psychologist without a referral, but you will not be reimbursed. Read more in our article: Are psychologists fees covered by Medicare?

Some private health funds cover psychology services, so you may be able to claim back a portion of the consultation fee from your health fund.

You may also be able to access free or low cost psychological therapies through formal institutions such as hospitals and universities. Some workplaces also offer employee counselling conducted by qualified psychologists.

Psychiatrists

Psychiatrists are doctors that have a medical degree and specific training in the assessment, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mental illnesses. They study general medicine for six years, before continuing on with post-graduate specialisation of psychiatry for a further five years. They may continue to study a specific area of interest, such as child psychiatry, clinical depression or addiction. They must be registered with the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists.

Psychiatrists treat the effects of emotional disturbances on the body and physical conditions on the mind, and look at mental disorders such as schizophrenia. They may also use psychotherapy, or "talking therapy" to discuss problems with the patient over a series of scheduled sessions.

Psychiatrists work in hospitals, clinics and community health services, in private practices and at universities.

Unlike psychologists, psychiatrists can prescribe medicine, and often combine medication with other forms of therapy.

A referral by a GP is essential in order to see a Psychiatrist, and as psychiatry costs are covered by Medicare, you can claim the Medicare rebate after the consultation. If you are treated as a public patient, in a community health centre or a public hospital, you are unlikely to be charged. If you see a psychiatrist privately you will incur a fee, some of which will be reimbursed by Medicare. These fees may vary between psychiatrists. Some psychiatrists may Bulk Bill some patients. Enquire before making an appointment.

If you need to make an appointment to see a GP for a referral, you can find a list of local GP clinics, here.