Garden compost is created by billions of microbes feeding on organic matter. That’s what decomposition is – bacteria, fungi and invertebrates doing what comes naturally and munching on tasty (to them) bits and pieces, breaking them down to their base nutrients and compounds. The resulting matter, called humus or compost, is rich in goodness and perfect for use on the garden as organic matter or soil conditioner.

Compost requires both air and water to form properly. If the pile is too dry then the decomposition process will be slowed; too wet and the whole thing will compress and there won’t be enough air for the microbes to do their work.

Garden refuse, like grass clippings, leaves and pruned branches, is perfect for composting, although it’s a good idea to cut the branches up into small bits before putting them into the compost – anything too big or thick won’t break down quickly enough. Household vegetable waste like fruit and vegetable peelings, and even paper and some cardboard (such as egg cartons) also work well. It’s good to have a mix of different types of matter: some ‘green’ matter (like tea leaves, vegetable scraps and grass) and some ‘brown’ (or dry) matter like straw, wood chips and shredded newspaper. Try layering the different types of matter to keep your compost aerated.

Avoid too much citrus, chilli or onion, since worms and other invertebrates don’t like the taste. And things like pet manure, animal products and bread or pastry products shouldn’t go into compost as they attract flies, rats and mice. Toxic or particularly noxious weeds, sawdust from treated timber and glossy magazine paper should also be avoided.

The heat produced in a properly functioning compost heap or bin is generated by the organic matter busy at work. So warm compost is a good indication that you’ve got the mix right. The other indicator, of course, is lots of beautiful, dark, crumbly soil, which can be turned into the earth around your plants or go directly onto the garden to help your plants grow. Reduce the amount of household waste that goes to landfill and help your garden at the same time by starting a compost heap today.

Talk with a garden expert in your area to find out how a compost can help your garden grow: